Most GSM/UMTS mobile phones include an internal modem. You can do a lot more with the implemented commands than Internet access or Fax sending for example accessing the standard phonebook or sending, modifying and deleting your short messages (SMS) and there is much more – thanks to the 3GPP TS 27.005 and 27.007 specifications.
This site shall be a small introduction into these commands. And it offers sources to the extended sets of some phone manufacturers who allow modifying logos, ringtones and calendar entries.
Q.:
How do I learn more about 3GPP TS 27.005/27.007 ?
A.:
You should start at ETSI and download 3GPP TS 27.005 for SMS and 3GPP TS 27.007 for overall control over the phone like the phonebook, battery level and more. Then you have to read and read. You should read the following webpages which present an overview for the most common commands. But remember not all commands are a must have, most are optional. So be prepared for ERROR responses, try it again but sometimes the command is not supported by your phone.